When the Lord your God
cuts off before you the nations whom you go in to dispossess, and you
dispossess them and dwell in their land, take care that you be not ensnared to
follow them, after they have been destroyed before you, and that you do not
inquire about their gods, saying, "How did these nations serve their gods?
- that I also may do the same." You shall not worship the Lord your God in
that way, for every abominable thing that the Lord hates they have done for
their gods, for they even burn their sons and their daughters in the fire to
their gods. (Devarim / Deuteronomy 12:29-31; ESV)
My wife and
I are preparing for a teaching trip to Italy and Slovenia this fall. This will
be the first time either of us will be in mainland Europe. Having lived in
Canada's four largest cities we are used to interacting cross culturally. My
wife especially, ever since she was a child, has had a keen interest in people
of diverse backgrounds, combined with a love for languages. Yet apart from our
teaching trip to Haiti early last year, we have done very little traveling
outside of Canada and the US.
In
preparation for the upcoming trip as well as for general interest, I have
recently read a couple of books on understanding culture. "Survival Kit
for Overseas Living" by L. Robert Kohls (Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural
Press Inc., 2001) is specifically designed to orient the American businessperson
for working abroad for a period of time. As a Canadian, it was an interesting
bonus to note the cultural differences between us and our American neighbors.
Much in the book is helpful, including the need to know ourselves better before
we can effectively understand others. It also explains how normal culture shock
is due to the vast amount of differences when traveling to various parts of the
world. The overwhelming effects of disorientation can be quite severe for some
people, but in most cases, it is temporary. The book has some interesting
examples of how different cultures do things, some of which made me question
customs I take for granted. For example, according to Kohls, some cultures
outside of North America think that it is very unhygienic to have a toilet in
the same room in which we wash.
While there
is much in the book I appreciate, I found myself questioning its basic premise,
which is that cultural differences have nothing to do with right and wrong,
they are just different. For Kohls, accepting this is key in overcoming culture
shock. Removing right and wrong from how we regard cultural diversity enables
us to view differences as personal preferences that we will get used to over
time.
But is Kohls
correct? Moses doesn't think so. He made it clear that the people of Israel
were to develop a culture contrary to the customs of other peoples. I know we
are not dealing with a true parallel here. We should not directly apply the
principles governing Israel's conquest of Canaan with cross-cultural business
endeavors in the 21st century. Still, Moses (and God) didn't regard culture as
morally neutral. In fact Israel's culture was imposed upon them by God. Israel
actually clashed more with God's cultural standards than with those of foreign
nations.
In the New
Covenant Writings we read how Yeshua's followers are called to export the
God-imposed standards of ancient Israel beyond its borders. From almost the
start, Yeshua's followers grappled with the need to differentiate between the
standards applicable to everyone everywhere and those which are simply cultural
preferences. This is where Kohls's advice is helpful. When we are visitors to a
country, we should suspend judgment on their culture. Much harm has been caused
by confusing our sense of right and wrong with what's neutral in a culture. But
the arrogance of people in the past and the need for tolerance for cultural
differences should not undermine the need to retain a sense of right and wrong.
Where Kohls is
certainly correct is that we need to better understand ourselves first before
engaging other cultures. Like ancient Israel, the more important culture clash
is not between us and others, but between us and God's ways. How much do we put
up with in our lives just because it's our culture instead of truly submitting
to God's Word? We might be shocked to find out.
4 comments:
Alan, I would agree that there are some things that are cultural proclivities that have nothing to do with good vs. evil, but we tend to view our culture as right and differing cultures as wrong. But then there is God's standard of good and evil, right and wrong, that he provides for us in his word.
I was grateful that friends warned me about some of the differing cultural practices I would encounter prior to a summer I spent in Israel. For example, Israelis would frequently ask what Americas (and Canadians) would consider personal and inappropriate questions, such as, "How much money do you make? How much do you pay for your rent/mortgage? Why aren't you married?" And there is a problem with having your toilet in the same vicinity as where you wash, because when you flush, the bacteria travels from the toilet and lands on your unsuspecting toothbrush. :)
Good advice. And it shows just how prepared Paul was. With his complete familiarity with Roman, Greek and Jewish customs, he was able to skip the "learning" step.
Thank you for your work here. I am a long-time straying and returning offender, and as I once again seek to acknowledge the many nudges of the spirit, one thing I want to do differently is understand the Old Testament. Thank you.
Thank you for your balanced outlook on this challenge Alan. Well said. So much is going through my mind... It's such a prayerful, listening and obedience process for me when in a different culture than my own, learning from the culture I'm are serving in while still desiring to walk out my faith in obedience to God's Word, not compromising truth with the reality of good and evil in every culture. Quite challenging. Thank you again! Great comparisons, and thoughts. I appreciate this!
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